M.C. Escher :: essays research papers

The Dutch artist Maurits C. Escher (1898-1972) was a draftsman, book illustrator, tapestry designer, and muralist, but his primary work was as a printmaker. Born in Leeuwarden, Holland, the son of a civil engineer, Escher spent most of his childhood in Arnhem. Aspiring to be an architect, Escher enrolled in the School for Architecture and Decorative Arts in Harlem. While studying there from 1919 to 1922, his emphasis shifted from architecture to drawing and printmaking upon the encouragement of his teacher Samuel Jessurun de Mesquita. In 1924 Escher married Jetta Umiker, and the couple settled in Rome to raise a family. They resided in Italy until 1935, when growing political turmoil forced them to move first to Switzerland, then to Belgium. In 1941, with World War II under way and German troops occupying Brussels, Escher returned to Holland and settled in Baarn, where he lived and worked until shortly before his death. The main subjects of Escher's early art are Rome and the Italian countryside. While living in Italy from 1922 to 1935, he spent the spring and summer months traveling throughout the country to make drawings. Later, in his studio in Rome, Escher developed these into prints. Whether depicting the winding roads of the Italian countryside, the dense architecture of small hillside towns, or details of massive buildings in Rome, Escher often created enigmatic spatial effects by combining various -- often conflicting -- vantage points, for instance, looking up and down at the same time. He frequently made such effects more dramatic through his treatment of light, using vivid contrasts of black and white. After Escher left Italy in 1935, his interest shifted from landscape to something he described as "mental imagery," often based on theoretical premises. The lavish tile work adorning the Moorish architecture suggested new directions in the use of color and the flattened patterning of interlocking forms. Replacing the abstract patterns of Moorish tiles with recognizable figures, in the late 1930s Escher developed "the regular division of the plane." The artist also used this concept in creating his Metamorphosis prints. Starting in the 1920s, the idea of "metamorphosis" -- one shape or object turning into something completely different -- became one of Escher's favorite themes. After 1935, Escher also increasingly explored complex architectural mazes involving perspective games and the representation of impossible spaces.

Human Resource Management and the Banking Sector Essay

tHuman resource management and the banking sector By Imran Samad Human resource management (HRM) has long been overlooked in the corporate sector in the country where a small section, comprising mostly the multi-national companies was practising the same. With the growing realization of proper HRM in the corporate sector, it has grown into an important activity. Now the head of HRM is an important member of the senior teams of any thriving business. Although the idea is new for many local businesses where entrepreneurs are at the beginning of the learning curve yet in reality the theme is getting support from the organized entrepreneurs. The banking sector has grown from a few institutions primarily involved in deposit acceptance and trade finance into a complex multi player markets where large number of commercial banks, financial institutions and specialized banks are operating with various products and activities. The banking has become a complex activity within the financial market linked directly and indirectly with an over-all national growth and its impact as an integral part of regional segment of a global banking environment. Almost every bank and financial institution is involved in various functions in a day’s job and thus requires a highly effective team and appropriate manpower to run the show. Corporate goals are translated into viable realities and profits only with human element who play their due role in achieving the desired results. Thus even the high automation would require proper man behind the machine to make things happen. This idea has been realized by top managements in progressive banks. Like many other organized sectors, banking requires a multi layer manpower for its various requirements of professionals and support staff. The range may require reasonably educated security guards on the one end and a highly educated and trained professional as head of corporate finance at the other. With liberalization of activities within the banking sector, for example, more emphasis on consumer and house finance and personal loans, etc. banking has turned itself into a more market-based business where banks have expanded their reach more to customers’ door steps in a big way making banking more practical. This has further highlighted the need for proper deployment of man-power to run banks efficiently. For many years, HRM banks like other institutions have been handling this sensitive activity through respective personnel departments. This means human resources were managed like other physical assets e. g. pieces of furniture, calculators, equipment and appliances. Personnel departments were primarily engaged in approval of leaves, handling of staff loans, issuance of show cause, conducting disciplinary enquiries and termination from service. Recruitment was a routine function and was done in a mechanical way to hire people with specific educational background irrespective of their real value to the institution. Success stories of large banking companies have been evident of the fact that HRM is quite different from management of physical assets. Human brain has its own peculiar chemistry. Its strong sensory and decision-making capacity has to be greatly emphasized by the employers. The work force constituting all levels of employees are constantly thinking in many dimensions. On the one hand it is the assigned duty and task they are to perform and for which they are paid by their employer, on the other they think of their long run goals and objectives. By no means, their brains can be controlled to think beyond the current situation of employment. Managing this educated, skillful and trustworthy work force is not an easy job. A few of the current challenges faced by the banking industry in terms of human resource management may be the following: Effective work force:Â  A time-consuming and hectic job is to hunt the right talent. Its just sitting by the river and waiting for the right fish to catch. Higher the professional value of the vacancy, tougher is the search. Identifying the right stuff followed by negotiation is the element which makes the job tough for the employer. Banks are keenly interested to fill up two types of breads of professionals. Ones who are outstanding professionals with high job hopping attitude – these are those who come in – work for some time and then leave for better prospects. Others are those who are keenly picked-up, trained and are some how retained to be developed as future management within the bank. Management trainees are a growing popular phenomenon where freshly qualified business graduates are engaged by banks and a certain percentage of these well equipped professionals stay back within the organization to grow into the footsteps of senior managers. Banking jobs being apparently lucrative for many, attract a large number of candidates against advertised vacancies in media creating a large data base management problem. This has been facilitated by specialised hiring agencies who may take up the job of hiring in case of large number of vacancies. Right people:Â  The most difficult agenda of HRM across the banking sector is to retain the right people. Sudden growth of retail banking and other services has put pressure on HR mangers in banks to engage more professionals within shorter span of time thereby attracting manpower in other banks on attractive packages has made the job market very competing. A bank in a normal course invests time and money to hire and train the appropriate work force for its own operations. This ready-made force is often identified and subsequently picked-up on better terms by others. Compensation:Â  How much to pay to the right employee and how much to the outstanding performer. Banks have traditionally followed pay scales with predetermined increments, salary slabs, bonuses and time-based fringe benefits like car and house advance, gratuity, pension, etc. The situation is not the same anymore. An increment of Rs500-800 per annum is no more a source of attraction for a professional anymore. A basic pay with traditional formulas of linkage with medical and other facilities has no soothing effect today. A promise of future growth, learning culture and corporate loyalty is out of dictionary and does not mean anything to this energetic and competent performer today. A waiting period of 3-4 years in each cadre haunts the incumbents who strongly believe in immediate compensation. There are examples to this. Thanks to the car financing modalities car is no more a fantasy item any more. A freshly hired professional requires a brand new car or car loan on resuming office quite contrary to his previous breed of bankers who would wait for the job seniority to qualify for a car loan. Job satisfaction: Everybody in the bank wants to work in the preferential department, preferential location, city of his own choice and boss of his liking. An administrative deviation from any of these results in lowered job satisfaction. Although hiring is normally based on regional requirement matching the area of activity with that of employee’s nativity yet other elements like appointment in the department of choice and preference makes the job of HR manager quite challenging. What the HR manger cannot afford is the dissatisfied employee who not only disrupts the smooth working himself but also spreads the negativity to others by his de-motivated attitude. Morale boosting:Â  What has long been overlooked is the morale boosting of the employees by the organizations. Human beings even if satisfied of material wellbeing need to be appraised and encouraged constantly. Smart banks have realized this need and have taken steps to keep their work force motivated through proper encouragement like man of the month awards, repeat get-togethers, conferences, sports events, dinners, company sponsored travel, reunions, etc. This is the way employees create a feeling of belongingness.

Some Theories of Child Rearing - 1665 Words

CHILD REAERING The different methods that parents form their childrens progress have been a usual basis of theorizing by researchers and by parents themselves. In the scientific perspective, a large amount of the empirical work connecting parental behavior to developmental products in children has been created by those who work in psychology, sociology and criminology. But added disciplines have given equal theories and techniques consist of historians, anthropologists and biological sciences (Macloed et al 2008). For instance, a finding from ethology has established the biological source and evolutionary meaning of the childs affection towards the parent, while studies in physiology, endocrinology and genetics have given great influenced in understanding of parenting and its influence on children. However, there are further pressing and practical motivations that motivating the recent concerns in this subject. The head in this rising subject concerning large and possibly rising amount of children with significant educational, social and health dilemmas, tied with a belief that varying the family setting may be a strong way of developing childrens lives and life chances (Barnes 1995). Some theories have been offered to explicate the psychological meaning of parent child relations and why they are greatly connected with childrens well-being. In the initial half of the twentieth century, learning on these wide theoretical points was erratic, but did not inhibit hardShow MoreRelatedChild Abuse And Neglect Cause Juvenile Delinquency1156 Words   |  5 PagesChild Abuse and Neglect cause Juvenile Delinquency Strain theory describes the idea that there are certain events and conditions in an individual’s life that are disliked and involve the inability to achieve goals, loss of positively valued stimuli, and presentation of negative stimuli (Brezina and Agnew). Child neglect and abuse can be described by this theory, and often is, because of its elements and the effect it has on children. Before the idea of child abuse and neglect causing juvenile delinquencyRead MorePeople who want to have children should take a child-rearing course1205 Words   |  5 Pages(CBS News, 2010) After that, she stated that she smoked a cigarette to compose herself, then proceeded to shake the baby again, possibly killing her child through traumatic head injury. Incidences like this are relatively common. According to 1998 statistics from the Public Health Agency of Canada, â€Å"there were an estimated 21.52 investigations of child maltreatment per 1,000 children in Canada.† Presently, the Can adian government adopts the liberal stance that parenting is primarily a private activityRead MoreThe Discontinuous View Of Development Essay834 Words   |  4 PagesThe discontinuous view of development is that child development is in certain stages. The children have different ways of â€Å"thinking, feeling, and behaving,†(Berk) than adults. Our book describes it as â€Å"a process in which new ways of understanding and responding to the world emerge at specific times.†(Berk pg. 6) I interpret the specific times as stages. Piaget believed in the discontinuous view of development. He developed the four stages of cognitive development. Those stages are sensorimotor, pre-operationalRead MoreHow I Raised My Child to Find Success in Life Essay849 Words   |  4 PagesYun-Ru Lo During the course of raising my child, I have notice a gradual shift in my child, MiMi’s, personality. She changed from a very active and having difficulty focusing and following rules child to a child who knows when to be active and when to remain calm and is able to focus when needed. One parenting adjustment I made as I raised my child is to shift from a permissive rearing style to authoritative rearing style. Therefore, besides having some spelling and writing difficulties, my child’sRead MoreCulture and Child Rearing Essay1733 Words   |  7 PagesCulture and Child Rearing Practices The purpose of this paper is to express the different ways culture affects child-rearing practices. Culture and child rearing are both essential in child development. Culture and ethnicity can have a deciding effect on the child-rearing techniques that families implement throughout the world. Differences such as methods of discipline, expectations regarding acceptance of responsibilities and transmission of religious instruction will vary among families. TheRead MoreBeing the Child of a Parent with a Mental Illness1727 Words   |  7 Pages Being the child of a parent who has a mental illness involves considerable risk to the child’s secure attachment and long-term mental health. Parental mental health concerns place children at a significantly greater risk of lower social, psychological and physical health than children in families not affected by mental illness. (Mayberry et al, 2005). Living with a parent suffering from a mental illness can have huge negative effects for the developing child. It has been proven numerous times thatRead MoreUnequal Childhoods1095 Words   |  5 Pagesthrive as they grow up. However, based on the studies in Unequal Childhoods by Dr. Annette Lareau, it is shown that cultural logic of child-rearing and the general success of children’s academic studies are significantly dependent and impacted by economically societal differences and family setting. 　　　　Annette Lareau invites her readers to a new perspective of child-rearing, where people are not just individual human beings, but rather class subjects. Her book, Unequal Childhoods provides the best meansRead MoreThe And Family Therapist Is Influenced By Personal Experiences That Impact And Transform An Individual1111 Words   |  5 Pagesworked tirelessly to obtain the help my child my needed. Being a parent of a special needs child leaves little to no option of failing; hence my child has taught me to be strong, even in the most difficult and darkest times of my life. This experience inspired me to help other families and individuals encountering hardship. As I began the arduous task of finding a proper diagnosis for my child, I encountered the unique challenges of being a migrant raising a child with special needs in this country.Read MoreBenefits Of A Child With Autism1154 Words   |  5 Pagesworked tirelessly to obtain the help my child desperately needed. Being a parent of a special needs child leaves little to no option of failing; hence child has taught me to be strong even in the most difficult and darkest times in my life. Furthermore, encountering the unique challenges of raising a child with autism inspired me to help other families and individuals experiencing hardship. As I began the arduous task of finding a proper diagnosis for my child, I encountered the unique challenges ofRead MoreThe Role of Women and Marriage in Socrates The Republic Essay1030 Words   |  5 Pagesfind the true meaning of justice and the creation of the ideal city Socrates finds that while many of the element of the city have been properly set forth he forgot to take into account the place women will have in the city and the idea of child-rearing. After some careful discussion about the nature of women and how it would relate to their particular role in the city Socrates and Adeimantus come to the agreement that the women will be assigned their roles in the same manner as the men of the city

The Between Sandrine And Jimmy - 1321 Words

The given circumstances of Sad and Glad by John Cariani begin with the bar within the â€Å"local hang-out†, which is affectionately named The Moose Paddy. The bar, or, at least, the part that is shown, contains: 1. A Table with two chairs (One for Sandrine and one for Jimmy) 2. A bathroom door (stage right) 3. An exit/entrance that leads to the front of the bar This is a very minimalist play in general, so similar to the low amount of furniture, there are also few given props. Of course, some are added in order to imply atmosphere. 1. Several beer bottles 2. Waitress tray 3. Ashtray (Atmosphere) The lighting should be fairly dim because it is the back part of a bar, but still bright enough that it feels exposed, just like Jimmy’s emotions†¦show more content†¦This is where it gets a bit complicated. Depending on who you ask, the protagonist can be Sandrine or Jimmy, and the same with the antagonist. However, if we are going off of the stage directions, it appears that Jimmy is the protagonist due to his emotional responses being portrayed within the stage directions. For example, on page seven of the play, Jimmy has a stage direction that says â€Å"Huge Blow. But he’s tough† (Cariani, 7). Except for tone choices, it isn’t often that an antagonist has such a clear description of how the character is feeling, so this is a clue to the concept of Jimmy being the protagonist. Along with the latter, Jimmy also has to face the obstacles that Sandrine creates to block him from achieving his goal. The point of attack is the first interaction betw een Sandrine and Jimmy. This is initiated when Jimmy notices her coming out of the bathroom in the bar. He’s surprised to see her and wants to talk to her to see how she’s doing. Sandrine, being the antagonist, doesn’t want anything to do with Jimmy. She creates the obstacle that stops Jimmy from achieving his goal, the obstacle being her engagement to another man. However, her overall goal is to cut her previous ties with Jimmy and return to the normality of her bachelorette party and new fiancà ©. At the POA, Sandrine tries to get away from Jimmy,

Essay on Cultural Diversity Todays Teacher - 1573 Words

Cultural Diversity amp; Today’s Teacher Education in America has evolved through out its history and has become a major necessity to excel in the work force, just imagine 100 years ago graduating high school in many areas was rare, twenty-five years ago a high school diploma was a must to find a good job and now college and mostly likely grad school is expected by many young adults in order to ensure financial security in life. So if education is evolving then the instructors which provide the information and lessons to our children must also evolve with the ever changing tides the educational field presents today. One of the most notable differences is the students in the class rooms, with different ethnic groups more intertwined than†¦show more content†¦But, if the teacher makes a casual observation or comment, that student might feel more comfortable about responding and joining in a discussion. Also, it helps to remember that people from some minority groups find the challenging often coercive, conversational style of many North Americans to be quite intimidating.†(Effective Schools Research p1) That excerpt from one of the journal articles I researched gives a good example of how a teacher can reach out to minority students and make sure that they get involved and the great their involvement the less likely they are to fall behind. However it is not enough to simply recognize that certain students are different but the teacher must be able to understand that a student’s perception of a lot of things has to do with where he or she comes from. For example an inner city student shows no interest in learning he sleeps in class does poorly on tests and rarely turns in his home work assignments. At a glance a teacher would simply look at this student and think that he I just not intelligent and has no hope of achieving an education. But a cultural sensitive teacher does not just glance he or she opens their mind to think why this student is acting in such a manner, maybe he sleeps in class because he lives in a dangerous house hold and is afraid to sleep, maybe their lack of interest in class is because the student is worried about things at home, perhaps his grades and testShow MoreRelatedThe Classroom Environment Should Look And Feel Welcoming For All Children949 Words   |  4 Pages Diversity is what makes each person in a classroom different from each other, even though you could be the same color of the person sitting next you, does not mean you are the same. The classroom environment should look and feel welcoming for all children. So it can show the diversity of the world in which we live in. Children should be provided with essential information about who they are and what is important, making an effort for this to happen creates a setting that is rich in possibilitiesRead MoreCultural Diversity, Multiculturalism, and Inclusion In writing this essay I will provide my reader600 Words   |  3 Pages Cultural Diversity, Multiculturalism, and Inclusion In writing this essay I will provide my reader with various scenarios to give a good understanding of Cultural Diversity, Multiculturalism, and Inclusion as well as definitions and their effectiveness in the classroom. First, Cultural Diversity is ethnic, gender, racial, and socioeconomic variety in a situation, institution, or group; the coexistence of different ethnic, gender, racial, and socioeconomic groups within one social unit as in theRead MoreThe History of Multicultural Education Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the late 1960’s, America had entered into a period of cultural definition especially with the emergence of the Civil Rights Movement. Although the term â€Å"multicultural education† had not come into play yet, the idea that the U.S needed to reexamine their efforts of educating diverse groups was emerging. During this time inequality especially among minority groups in comparison to the white dominant culture became a social issue (Banks 1999). Before the arrival of this reform multicultural educationRead MoreEssay about Improving Education through Cultural Diversity1087 Words   |  5 PagesIn today’s society, cultural diversity is important as it was many centuries ago. According to dictionary, cultural diversity is the coexistence of different culture, ethnic, race, gender in one specific unit. In order, for America to be successful, our world must be a multicultural world. This existence starts within our learning facilities where our students and children are educated. This thesis is â€Å"changing the way America, sees education through cultural diversity, has been co existing inRead MoreWhite Bread Thematic Essay. Approaches To And Specific1208 Words   |  5 Pages White Bread Thematic Essay Approaches to and specific strategies for teaching multicultural education By: Tehya Boucher In today s ever changing world teachers need to understand the importance of a multicultural education. It’s becoming essential to provide opportunities for their students to learn about the many cultures represented in america and the world around them. Studies have shown that by the year 2040 as surveyed by the U.S. census bureau, that â€Å"white non-hispanics will make up lessRead MoreDiversity And Cultural Issues Of Tesol Education1545 Words   |  7 PagesEDUC600 I001 Fall 15 Final Reflection Journal: Diversity and Cultural Issues in TESOL Education During the course entitled Diversity and Cultural Issues in TESOL Education, issues of diversity and culture, as well as methods, strategies, and approaches for engaging English language learners were examined. Students all over the world learn English for a variety of reasons. Some students must study English as a requirement. Other students may wish to travel, study abroad, or work in the global marketplaceRead MoreMulticultural Education int the United States1665 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent types of people, each one having his or her cultural background. Over the years, the United States has become increasingly populated with cultural diversity. This influx has prompted school administrators to recognize the need to incorporate multicultural programs into their school environment including classroom settings, school wide activities, and curriculum as it becomes more evident that the benefits of teaching cultural diversity within the school setting will positively influence our Read MoreHow Language Is The Key Element For Teaching Language And Literacy1310 Words   |  6 Pagesopportunities for learning new concepts and new ways for understanding the world. Culture is an integrated pattern of human knowledge, beliefs, moral goals, values, and behaviour. Social-Cultural inclusivity is the crucial element for teaching language and literacy in the classroom. Discussing language as an object; cultural diversity; Vygotsky’s theory; significance of Bilingual children; the effects of social class; significance of multiliteracies in the classroom; awareness of post-structuralism; the importanceRead MoreEducating Through A Multicultural Perspective Essay1644 Words   |  7 Pagesconsistently seek to assure that educational opportunities are equally distributed to our students. In order for this task to be accomplished, developing a well-defined illustration of what multicultural education is necessary. With the shifting cultural texture and demographics of the United States (Banks, 2006b; Irvine, 2003), redefining multicultural education has become imperative. There are many views on the benefits and/or shortcomings of the multiculturalization of education. The questionRead MoreIt s Important For Educator For Foster Diversity Education And Create Inclusive Classroom1139 Words   |  5 PagesSimpson October 27, 2015 It’s important for educator to foster diversity education and create inclusive classroom that honor the multiplicity of identities and knowledge different students bring into classroom. Students and faculty in schools today are becoming increasingly diverse in their backgrounds and experiences, reflecting the diversity observed in our broader society. The center for teaching is committed to supporting diversity mostly as it meets with the wide range of teaching and learning

The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas Free Essays

The short story â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas,† emphasizes the thought that happiness always comes with a price to pay. In the beginning of the story, Ursula K. Le Guin tells the reader of a town or village full of joy and cheerfulness. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"In other streets the music beat faster†¦people were dancing. † (Page 1) She leaves you to imagine the blissful city as you see it. â€Å"Perhaps it would be best if you imagined it as your own fancy bids. † (Page 1) Then she flips the story around and tells how there is a child that is forced to live in a broom closet, in a basement, with no windows. It sits in the corner, on a dirty floor, in its own filth. She writes about how nobody usually comes, except to stare at the child or kick it to get it to stand up. Though all the people of Omelas know it is there, no one ever tries to take the child away from this disgusting place it lives. They all know that â€Å"the beauty of there city, the tenderness of their friendships, the health of their children, etc. † (Page 3) all depend on the suffering of this child. If anyone were to bring the child up into the sunlight, they would risk all the happiness and beauty of the city and it would never be the same as it was. She presents a dilemma and forces the reader to choose between the happiness of the child, or the happiness of the whole city of Omelas. This is an allegory for the relationship between the wealthy (eg. Developed countries) and poverty (eg. Developing countries). The wealthy, developed countries (Canada, USA) are represented by the people of Omelas, and the poor, developing countries (Sudan, Somalia) are represented by the child. Without the poor, the wealthy would not have the happiness it does. The citizens of the joyful town benefit from the child being so badly treated because without it, they wouldn’t understand how much better their life is than the child’s. â€Å"They feel disgust, which they had thought themselves superior to. † (Page 3) There is a price to pay between the happiness for all at the expense of the child, and the happiness of the child at the expense of the happiness for all. How to cite The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas, Essay examples

Reduction Risk Sudden Infant Death Syndrome â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Reduction Risk Sudden Infant Death Syndrome? Answer: Introducation This research study is conducted in order to identify the usefulness of the pacifier use in reducing sudden infant death syndrome or SIDS. Therefore the questions of such research study are interesting and appropriate as these questions are able to find the relationship between the pacifier use and the reduction of SIDS. Hence, the questions are suitable to exhibit a clear idea regarding the role of the pacifier in decreasing the risk of SIDS with bed sharing, prone feeding, and soft bedding. However, this study is significant to show a clear relationship between the pacifier use and the SIDS. As argued by Lubbe ten Ham-Baloyi, (2017), smoke pressure, bed sharing and soft bedding are the common factors that influence the risk of SIDS. Sucking on a pacifier during the bedtime or nap time will be helpful for the children to minimize the severity of SIDS (Psaila et al., 2017). As per the statistical data, 90% risk of SIDS can be reduced by using the pacifier at the sleep time of baby. Purpose of the study The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between the use of the pacifier during the sleep of the children and SIDS. According to the study, parents need to understand the use of the pacifier in order to reduce the risk related to SIDS. However, as per the research pacifier can reduce the risk related to soft bedding, bed sharing, and smoke exposure, which are the potential factors of SIDS. As supported by Andrisani Andrisani (2017), the pacifier is useful as it leads the baby fall asleep and sucking on the pacifier during the bedtime may help to reduce the severity of sudden infant death syndrome. Hence, the researchers of such article highlight that pacifier may be beneficial for the children who are below 1 year by reducing sudden death risk during their sleep. This study reveals that use of the pacifier is an undefined mechanism still now. Several studies failed to give the clear information about the significance and protection capability of the pacifier against SIDS that is highlighted in this research. As argued by Molaudzi Molepo, (2017), prolonged pacifier use may cause the middle ear infection and dental problem during the infancy. Hence, it has been found in this study that pacifier involves the reduction of risk of SIDS that occur due to prone sleeping. However, such result has no statistical significance. Methods Data has been collected from the Chicago Infant Mortality Study or CIMS in order to identify the risk factors of SIDS. The design of CIMS focuses on the SIDS and unexpected death of children at infancy that may cause by other factors. The data is based on the survey among the African and the American Whites. All Chicago residents' infants are enrolled under CIMS who are below 1 year and died between the year of November 1993 and the month of April in 1996. Medical examiners of Chicago are involved in this process. However, 400 questions are proposed in order to collect data. After two weeks 235 questions are also completed based on the SIDS. Hence, it has been cleared that questionnaires have been used by CIMS to obtain data regarding the SIDS. 260 SIDS cases and 260 SIDS control cases are undertaken in this current study in order to collect data. As commented by (Joyner, Oden Moon, 2016), case study analysis is a useful aspect of acquiring relevant and appropriate data regarding an y topic. Conditional logistic regression analysis is considered in this study in order to measure the relationship between sleep related factors and SIDS. Therefore, univariate conditional logistic regression models have been used in this study to identify the odd ratios that cannot be adjusted and associated with risk factors of individuals. Several conditional logistic regression models are applied to understand the odds related to SIDS by considering maternal age, maternal education, marital status, and Kessner index that are the potential factors to measure the frequency of the parental care. However, unconditional logistic regression models have been taken in this methodology to measure the effectiveness of pacifier use in SIDS reduction. Finally, conditional logistic regression model has been constructed by the researcher in order to adjust the confounding variables that help to identify the role of pacifiers that involves the modification of the association of different factors, which affect the risk related to SIDS. Conditional logistic regression models are crucial to understand the each variable regarding the topic in research (Buccini, Prez-Escamilla Venancio, 2016). Here the independent variable is the use of the pacifier and the dependent variable is the reduction of risk related to SIDS. Moreover, calculation of odd ratios has been done based on the every variable of users and non-users of the pacifier. Result of the Study Regarding this study, it has been found that approx 70% risk related to SIDS is reduced by using the pacifier after adjusting the known confounders in the methodology. Therefore, it has been examined that pacifier use has a relation to the reduction of the SIDS related risk in each category of infant factors and the maternal factors also. However, the risk regarding SIDS can be reduced in the greater amount if the mothers are 20 years of age group, non-smoker, married with intense parental care. Therefore, the breastfed infant has also kept away from the SIDS risk through the application of pacifier (Yiallourou et al., 2014). On the other hand, proper use of the pacifier during the particular sleep environment of the children is useful for them to give them a safe sleep. According to result, it has been observed that bed sharing, smoking during pregnancy and prone sleeping without the use of pacifier have a close association with high risk of SIDS as the P value of the differences of do not use the pacifier and use pacifier of such factors are 0.55 NS, 0.81 NS and 0.76 NS. On the other, it has been also found that breastfeeding is related to the decreased risk of SIDS by using the pacifier as here the P value is 0.19 NS. However, through the findings researcher get a clear idea of the efficiency of anything (Varghese et al., 2015). The odd ratios of maternal smoking, bed sharing, and prone sleeping is ranged from 0.25 to 0.33 while the odd ratios related to breastfeeding possess 0.33 values. Moreover, the differences between the variables of interest and the use of pacifier fail to exhibit significant result. Discussion of the result According to the Chicago Mortality Study based on the case control study use of the pacifier is beneficial to minimize the risk of SIDS. However, this study highlights that pacifier provides some additional protection to the children having, non-smoking, breastfeeding and older married mother. Such characteristics lead the children to get proper parental care and low risk of SIDS (Alm et al., 2016). On the other hand, children those sleep in the soft bed and prone side get additional protection through using the pacifier. Hence, it has been found that use of the pacifier is more effective while the children are in adverse sleeping condition. However, due to inappropriate sample size, the differences of the odd ratios are not significant in this study. There is no clear evidence about why the pacifier use is more beneficial considering the factors such as older maternal age, non-smoker mother, and proper parental care. Hence, it can be said that pacifier use with adequate parental care in the adverse sleeping condition is a protective approach for the infants to reduce SIDS risk (Odoi et al., 2014). Moreover, risk related to SIDS is not declined properly in the current years. Hence, such study is useful in giving the epidemiologic results regarding the benefits of pacifier use for the children in adverse sleeping condition. Hence, based on this evidence, further research can be conducted to gain more knowledge about pacifier use. References Alm, B., Wennergren, G., Mllborg, P., Lagercrantz, H. (2016). Breastfeeding and dummy use have a protective effect on sudden infant death syndrome. Acta Paediatrica, 105(1), 31-38. 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